Balance Sheet Report: Assets, Liabilities & Equity

The Balance Sheet — formally called the Statement of Financial Position — tells you exactly what your savings group owns, owes, and is worth at a specific moment in time. Unlike the Profit & Loss statement, which covers a span of activity, the balance sheet is a single-date snapshot governed by the fundamental accounting equation: Assets = Liabilities + Equity. If the equation does not hold, there is an accounting error somewhere in the ledger. Agatabo flags this automatically via the isBalanced field in every response.

The reports:read permission is required to generate this report. Only posted journal entries are included — draft entries do not affect the balance sheet.

API Endpoint

GET /reports/balance-sheet?asOfDate={YYYY-MM-DD}
x-organization-id: {organizationId}

Query parameters

Parameter	Type	Required	Description
`asOfDate`	ISO date	No	The snapshot date (YYYY-MM-DD). Defaults to today if omitted.

Example response

{
  "message": "Balance sheet report fetched successfully",
  "data": {
    "asOfDate": "2026-06-30T00:00:00.000Z",
    "assets": {
      "cashAndBank": 5000000,
      "loansReceivable": 15000000,
      "interestReceivable": 500000,
      "penaltyReceivable": 50000,
      "physicalAssets": 3000000,
      "physicalAssetsBreakdown": {
        "cashPurchase": 2500000,
        "collateral": 300000,
        "gift": 200000
      },
      "additionalItems": [],
      "total": 23550000
    },
    "liabilities": {
      "organizationUserSavings": 18000000,
      "borrowerSurplus": 50000,
      "additionalItems": [],
      "openingEquity": 1000000,
      "retainedEarnings": 3000000,
      "currentPeriodNetIncome": 500000,
      "reserves": [
        { "name": "Emergency Fund", "amount": 800000 },
        { "name": "Loan Loss Reserve", "amount": 200000 }
      ],
      "otherEquity": 0,
      "additionalEquityItems": [],
      "total": 23550000
    },
    "isBalanced": true
  }
}

The API combines liabilities and equity into a single liabilities object in the response. Conceptually these remain two separate sections of the balance sheet — the example display below reflects that distinction.

Report Structure

Assets Section

Current Assets

Line Item	Account Role	Description
Cash and Bank	`CASH`	Cash on hand plus bank account balances
Loans Receivable	`LOAN_RECEIVABLE`	Outstanding loan principal owed by borrowers
Interest Receivable	`INTEREST_RECEIVABLE`	Accrued interest not yet collected
Penalty Receivable	`PENALTY_RECEIVABLE`	Accrued late-payment penalties

Fixed Assets

Line Item	Sub-type	Description
Physical Assets (Cash Purchase)	`FIXED_ASSET / CASH_PURCHASE`	Equipment, furniture, and other assets bought with group funds
Physical Assets (Collateral)	`FIXED_ASSET / COLLATERAL`	Assets acquired from defaulted loan collateral
Physical Assets (Gift)	`FIXED_ASSET / GIFT`	Donated assets

Any custom (non-system) asset accounts with non-zero balances appear under Additional Assets. Total Assets is the sum of all the above line items.

Liabilities and Equity Section

Liabilities

Line Item	Account Role	Description
Organization User Savings	`SAVINGS`	Total member savings balances (what the group owes its members)
Borrower Surplus	`BORROWER_SURPLUS_LIABILITY`	Overpayments from borrowers not yet allocated
Additional Liabilities	Custom roles	Any non-system liability accounts with non-zero balances

Equity

Line Item	Account Role	Description
Opening Equity	`OPENING_EQUITY`	Initial capital contributed when the group was created
Retained Earnings	`RETAINED_EARNINGS`	Accumulated profits transferred from prior closed periods
Current Period Net Income	Calculated	Income minus expenses for the current open accounting period
Reserves	`RESERVE_ALLOCATION`	Each named reserve shown as a separate line item
Other Equity	`OTHER_EQUITY`	Miscellaneous equity accounts
Additional Equity	Custom roles	Non-system equity accounts

Total Liabilities + Equity must equal Total Assets. When isBalanced is true, your accounting equation holds.

Full Formatted Example

Statement of Financial Position — As of June 30, 2026

ASSETS

CURRENT ASSETS
  Cash and Bank                      5,000,000 RWF
  Loans Receivable                  15,000,000 RWF
  Interest Receivable                  500,000 RWF
  Penalty Receivable                    50,000 RWF
                                    ─────────────
  Total Current Assets              20,550,000 RWF

FIXED ASSETS
  Physical Assets                    3,000,000 RWF
    — Cash Purchase    2,500,000 RWF
    — Collateral         300,000 RWF
    — Gift               200,000 RWF
                                    ─────────────
  Total Fixed Assets                 3,000,000 RWF

TOTAL ASSETS                        23,550,000 RWF

LIABILITIES

  Organization User Savings         18,000,000 RWF
  Borrower Surplus                      50,000 RWF
                                    ─────────────
  Total Liabilities                 18,050,000 RWF

EQUITY

  Opening Equity                     1,000,000 RWF
  Retained Earnings                  3,000,000 RWF
  Current Period Net Income            500,000 RWF
  Reserves
    Emergency Fund       800,000 RWF
    Loan Loss Reserve    200,000 RWF
                                    ─────────────
  Total Reserves                     1,000,000 RWF
  Other Equity                               0 RWF
                                    ─────────────
  Total Equity                       5,500,000 RWF

TOTAL LIABILITIES + EQUITY          23,550,000 RWF
                                    =============
✓ BALANCED

Understanding Current Period Net Income

The Current Period Net Income line in the equity section represents profit or loss from the current open accounting period. During an open period: Income and expense accounts carry non-zero balances reflecting activity to date. Agatabo calculates net income as Total Income − Total Expenses and shows it in the equity section. After period close: All income and expense accounts reset to zero. The net income amount transfers to Retained Earnings, and the Current Period Net Income line returns to zero.

Open period (June 2026):
  Income accounts total:      2,500,000 RWF
  Expense accounts total:     2,000,000 RWF
  Current Period Net Income:    500,000 RWF  ← appears on balance sheet

After close:
  Income accounts total:              0 RWF  (reset)
  Expense accounts total:             0 RWF  (reset)
  Retained Earnings:          +500,000 RWF  (net income transferred)
  Current Period Net Income:          0 RWF

Key Financial Metrics

Net Worth (Total Equity)

Net Worth = Total Assets − Total Liabilities

A positive net worth means the organization is solvent. Growing net worth over time signals profitable, sustainable operations.

Total Assets:       23,550,000 RWF
Total Liabilities: −18,050,000 RWF
                   ─────────────
Net Worth:           5,500,000 RWF  ✓ Solvent

Liquidity Ratio

Liquidity Ratio = Cash and Bank ÷ Organization User Savings × 100

This metric measures your ability to meet member withdrawal demands.

Cash and Bank:             5,000,000 RWF
Member Savings:           18,000,000 RWF
Liquidity Ratio:  5,000,000 ÷ 18,000,000 = 27.8%  ✓ Healthy

Range	Status
Below 5%	⚠️ Liquidity crisis risk — limit new loans, accelerate collections
5–10%	Caution — monitor closely
10–30%	✅ Healthy target range
Above 30%	Funds may be underutilized — consider expanding lending

Loan-to-Savings Ratio

Loan-to-Savings Ratio = Loans Receivable ÷ Organization User Savings × 100

This ratio shows how aggressively you are deploying member deposits into loans.

Loans Receivable:         15,000,000 RWF
Member Savings:           18,000,000 RWF
Loan-to-Savings: 15,000,000 ÷ 18,000,000 = 83.3%  ✓ Healthy

Range	Status
Below 60%	Underutilizing member deposits
60–120%	✅ Healthy target range
Above 150%	Over-leveraged — high risk if defaults occur

Analyzing the Balance Sheet

Healthy Indicators

Positive Equity

Total Assets exceed Total Liabilities. The organization can cover all obligations.

Adequate Liquidity

Cash sits between 10–30% of member savings. Withdrawals can be met without strain.

Balanced Lending

Loans outstanding are 60–120% of member savings. Deposits are productively deployed.

Growing Reserves

Named reserves are building over time, providing a cushion against loan losses and emergencies.

Warning Signs

Act on the following signals before they become critical.

Negative equity (Liabilities > Assets): The organization is insolvent. Reduce lending, increase reserves, improve profitability.
Cash below 5% of member savings: A liquidity crisis is likely imminent. Stop issuing new loans and accelerate collections.
Loans above 150% of member savings: The portfolio is over-leveraged. Slow new disbursements and increase member deposits.
Declining net worth period over period: Operating losses are eroding equity. Review expense categories and loan recovery rates.
Large borrower surplus: Overpayments are not being allocated correctly. Reconcile borrower accounts immediately.
Zero reserves: There is no safety cushion. Allocate a portion of the next profit to a loan loss or emergency reserve.

Comparative Balance Sheet

Run the report twice with different asOfDate values to compare periods side by side and identify trends.

Line Item	Dec 31, 2025	Jun 30, 2026	Change	% Change
Cash and Bank	3,000,000	5,000,000	+2,000,000	+67%
Loans Receivable	12,000,000	15,000,000	+3,000,000	+25%
Physical Assets	2,000,000	3,000,000	+1,000,000	+50%
Total Assets	17,000,000	23,550,000	+6,550,000	+39%
Member Savings	14,000,000	18,000,000	+4,000,000	+29%
Total Liabilities	14,050,000	18,050,000	+4,000,000	+28%
Retained Earnings	2,500,000	3,000,000	+500,000	+20%
Reserves	450,000	1,000,000	+550,000	+122%
Total Equity	2,950,000	5,500,000	+2,550,000	+86%

Reading this table: Assets grew 39%, liabilities grew only 28%, and equity nearly doubled — a strong sign of profitable, sustainable growth. Reserves more than doubled, providing an increasingly robust safety net.

How to Export the Balance Sheet

Use the Report Export Builder to download the balance sheet as a formatted PDF or CSV file. Select Balance Sheet, choose your asOfDate, pick a format, and click Generate. See Report Export for the full workflow. For the year-end audit package, call the endpoint with asOfDate=YYYY-12-31 and include the result alongside the annual P&L and supporting ledger schedules.

Profit & Loss

The source of Current Period Net Income shown in equity

Loans Outstanding

Detailed breakdown behind the Loans Receivable line

Shares Report

Member-level breakdown of the Member Savings liability

Report Export

Bundle reports into a single board or audit package

​API Endpoint

​Report Structure

​Assets Section

​Liabilities and Equity Section

​Full Formatted Example

​ASSETS

​LIABILITIES

​EQUITY

​Understanding Current Period Net Income

​Key Financial Metrics

​Net Worth (Total Equity)

​Liquidity Ratio

​Loan-to-Savings Ratio

​Analyzing the Balance Sheet

​Healthy Indicators

Positive Equity

Adequate Liquidity

Balanced Lending

Growing Reserves

​Warning Signs

​Comparative Balance Sheet

​How to Export the Balance Sheet

​Related Reports

Profit & Loss

Loans Outstanding

Shares Report

Report Export

API Endpoint

Report Structure

Assets Section

Liabilities and Equity Section

Full Formatted Example

ASSETS

LIABILITIES

EQUITY

Understanding Current Period Net Income

Key Financial Metrics

Net Worth (Total Equity)

Liquidity Ratio

Loan-to-Savings Ratio

Analyzing the Balance Sheet

Healthy Indicators

Warning Signs

Comparative Balance Sheet

How to Export the Balance Sheet

Related Reports